33 research outputs found

    De la ville dĂ©cidĂ©e Ă  la ville vĂ©cue : Émergence et croissances des petites villes indiennes

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    This thesis of Geography enriches the theoretical corpus of urban, from the study of threesmall towns in Tamil Nadu. Three approaches of the small Indian towns are developed. Àpolitical-institutional approach gives the framework of what is called the decided town; thetown as it is conceived by planners at all scales from the ward members to national policies.The second approach is quantitative; it aims to describe the economic and demographicdynamics of small towns across India. À multivariate analysis is developed to classifydistricts based on their profile. This analysis is coupled with a classification of small towns inthree types thanks to a GIS analysis: the ones located on major corridor of development, theones located in a metropolitan area and the last ones in unpolarized areas. The three casestudies fall into this classification and illustrate the diversity of dynamics in which areembedded the small towns. These dynamics affect the space of representation of theinhabitants which is named the perceived town. Àt the crossroads of the perceived town, thedecided town and the material town a living town is emerging which could structure moreefficient policies.Cette thĂšse de gĂ©ographie vient enrichir le corpus thĂ©orique des Ă©tudes urbaines Ă  partir delâ€˜Ă©tude de trois petites villes au Tamil Nadu. Trois approches des petites villes indiennes sontdĂ©veloppĂ©es. Une approche politico-institutionnelle fournit le cadre de ce qui est nommĂ© laville dĂ©cidĂ©e, la ville telle qu‘elle est pensĂ©e par les amĂ©nageurs Ă  toutes les Ă©chelles depuisles Ă©lus de quartiers jusqu‘aux politiques nationales d‘amĂ©nagement du territoire. La secondeapproche quantitative, relĂšve de l‘analyse spatiale. Elle vise Ă  dĂ©crire les dynamiquesĂ©conomiques et dĂ©mographiques des petites villes Ă  lâ€˜Ă©chelle de l‘Inde du Tamil Nadu. Uneanalyse multivariĂ©e est notamment dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour classifier les districts en fonction de leurprofil. Cette classification s‘appuie sur la division des petites villes en trois types : cellessituĂ©es sur corridor, celles situĂ©es en pĂ©riphĂ©rie de mĂ©tropoles et celles non polarisĂ©es. Cetteclassification a permis de rĂ©partir les trois cas dâ€˜Ă©tudes de terrain qui illustrent la diversitĂ© desdynamiques dans lesquelles les petites villes sont intĂ©grĂ©es et en quoi ces dynamiquesinfluencent la ville perçue, c‘est-Ă -dire l‘espace de reprĂ©sentation des habitants. Aucroisement de cette ville perçue, de la ville dĂ©cidĂ©e et de la ville matĂ©rielle se dessine uneville vĂ©cue dont l‘apprĂ©hension doit permettre la structuration de politiques publiquesefficaces

    Actes de la conférence " Aux frontiÚres de l'urbain. Petites villes du monde : émergence, croissance, rÎle économique et social, intégration territoriale, gouvernance " <br> Conference Proceedings "At the Frontiers of Urban Space. Small towns of the world: emergence, growth, economic and social role, territorial integration, governance"

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    Sous la Direction de François Moriconi-Ebrard, Catherine Chatel et Julien Bordagi Éditeur : UMR ESPACE - Avignon, Case 19, 74 rue Louis Pasteur, 84029 Avignon Cedex Collection : Actes Avignon - ISBN : 978‐2‐9105‐4509‐1Publication collective. La confĂ©rence internationale " Aux frontiĂšres de l'urbain " s'est dĂ©roulĂ©e Ă  l'UniversitĂ© d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse du 22 au 24 janvier 2014. Elle a Ă©tĂ© organisĂ©e Ă  l'initiative d'un groupe de chercheurs de l'UMR 7300 ESPACE spĂ©cialistes de la ville et des dynamiques d'urbanisation dans le monde. Travaillant Ă  partir de la base de donnĂ©es mondiale e-Geopolis dĂ©crivant l'Ă©volution de la population des agglomĂ©rations urbaines Ă  l'Ă©poque contemporaine et dĂ©veloppWhen we speak of cities, the attention of researchers, the media, and institutions is traditionally focused on large metropoles. Yet in reality, half the urban population of the world lives in hundreds of small and medium-sized cities (Moriconi-Ebrard, 1994). These agglomerations play a key role in urban growth. They have heterogeneous dynamics and profiles that diverge from what is observed in metro cities. Therefore, studies of the base of the urban hierarchy enrich and deepen the urban concept as a whole. Defining these agglomerations also requires the testing of categories of space which go beyond a simple, and increasingly problematic, urban-rural dichotomy. What criteria should define the threshold between these spaces? Can we speak of an "in-between" territory? In terms of process, small cities highlight the different stages of urban growth: genesis, development, mutation, and regression. In the context of fieldwork, researchers' observations are faced with the arbitrary official definition of urban areas, which differ from one country to the next. This contributes to the fuzziness of objective boundaries between "small towns" and villages. The change of the status of small agglomerations can lead to modifications in fiscal, environmental and urban rules. Access to urban status is a major issue for the development of a locality and territory (Giraut, 2005). What is the impact of urban policies on such towns? Is it enough to proclaim that a locality is "urban"? Are there specific governance issues that come with the small and medium town? Are these issues at the basis of original proposals concerning country planning? In a global marketplace, where agglomeration economies are prioritized, metro cities seem to be the only competitive spaces. In reality however, small towns are often spaces of innovation capable of taking their own place in wider global networks (Bairoch, 1984). What are the major assets of such towns compared with larger metro cities? How do they face the major spatial issues of a society: mobility, land access and competition, exploitation of local resources, procurement, and environmental protection? These issues are dependent on forms of spatial organisation, which are themselves the result of intense processes of concentration and dispersion. Do clusters, urban corridors and dispersed settlements represent specific organisational types of such intermediary, "in-between" spaces?Lorsqu'on Ă©voque " la " ville, l'attention des mĂ©dias, des chercheurs et des institutions se concentre traditionnellement sur quelques mĂ©tropoles mondiales. Or, en rĂ©alitĂ©, la moitiĂ© de la population urbaine de la planĂšte vit dans des villes petites et moyennes qui se comptent en milliers (Moriconi-Ebrard, 1994). Ces agglomĂ©rations ont un rĂŽle moteur dans la croissance, tandis qu'elles prĂ©sentent des profils et des dynamiques hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes qui s'Ă©cartent de ce que l'on observe dans les mĂ©tropoles (Denis, 2012). DĂšs lors leur Ă©tude vient enrichir et approfondir le concept d'urbain. Chercher Ă  dĂ©finir ces villes, c'est aussi Ă©prouver les catĂ©gories d'espace et aller au-delĂ  d'une simple dichotomie urbain/rural de plus en plus remise en cause. Quels critĂšres permettraient de dĂ©finir un seuil entre ces espaces ? Peut-on parler de territoire de l'entre-deux ? En termes de processus, les petites villes questionnent ainsi les diffĂ©rentes Ă©tapes de la croissance urbaine : genĂšse, dĂ©veloppement, mutation, rĂ©gression. Sur le terrain, l'observation est confrontĂ©e Ă  l'arbitraire des dĂ©finitions officielles de l'urbain qui diffĂšrent d'un pays Ă  l'autre, contribuant Ă  renforcer le flou des limites objectives entre " petite ville " et " village ". Le changement de statut des villes peut entrainer un changement de la fiscalitĂ©, de rĂšgles environnementales et d'urbanisme : l'accĂšs au statut urbain constitue ainsi un enjeu majeur pour le dĂ©veloppement d'une localitĂ© et du territoire (Giraut, 2005). Quel est l'impact des politiques publiques urbaines sur ces villes ? Suffit-il de dĂ©clarer une localitĂ© " urbaine " pour qu'elle le soit ? Les petites et moyennes villes posent-elles des problĂšmes de gouvernance particuliers ou bien sont-elles Ă  l'origine de propositions originales en matiĂšre d'amĂ©nagement du territoire ? Dans un marchĂ© globalisĂ© oĂč les Ă©conomies d'agglomĂ©ration sont mises en avant, les mĂ©tropoles semblent constituer les seuls espaces compĂ©titifs. Or, les petites villes ont souvent Ă©tĂ© des lieux d'innovation capables de s'insĂ©rer directement dans des rĂ©seaux mondiaux (Bairoch, 1984). Quels sont leurs atouts face aux grandes mĂ©gapoles ? Comment se positionnement-elles face aux enjeux territoriaux majeurs de nos sociĂ©tĂ©s : mobilitĂ©, accĂšs Ă  la terre, compĂ©tition fonciĂšre, exploitation des ressources locales, approvisionnement, protection de l'environnement. Ces enjeux dĂ©pendant clairement des formes d'organisation spatiale qui sont le rĂ©sultat de processus de concentration plus ou moins intenses : clusters, corridors urbains, semis dispersĂ©s reprĂ©sentent-ils des types d'organisations spĂ©cifiques Ă  ces villes de l'entre-deux

    Delhi workshop 24th to 27th august 2011

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    During this meeting each participants have presented the first results of their fieldworks and have specified what are the main topics they are going to cover in the framework of the Suburbin project. Below the summary of this workshop gives the outline of what has been discussed. Downloa

    Urban Policies and the Right to the City in India

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    Below you will find an interesting publication available online here Urban Policies and the Right to the City in India. Rights, responsibilities and citizenship Marie-HélÚne Zérah, Véronique Dupont, Stéphanie Tawa Lama-Rewal (Scientific editors) Parution : novembre 2011, UNESCO & Centre de Sciences Humaines, New Delhi, 180 p. This publication is a compendium of 16 research policy-papers written by 14 eminent scholars covering several angles of the right to the city approach in India, includ..

    Second annual Suburbin seminar

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    The seminar will be at the Center for Policy Research in Delhi, the 16th and 17th april 2012 Day 1 9:00-10:30 AM Introduction – Objectives and orientations after one year (Marie – HĂ©lĂšne and Eric) Presentation of a paper on “Placing Suburbin” (Eric, Partha and Marie – HĂ©lĂšne) and discussion 11-00:00 PM Objective of macro analysis after the two meetings - August 2011 and January 2012 Presentation of the approach, main questions and methods: Chandra: NSS and Indiapolis agglomeration landscape..

    Unacknowledged Urbanisation: The New Census Towns of India

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    This is a CPR working paper written by Kanhu Charan Pradhan that you can download here. Abstract: The unexpected increase in the number of census towns (CTs) in the last census has thrust them into the spotlight. Using a hitherto unexploited dataset, it is found that many of the new CTs satisfied the requisite criteria in 2001 itself; mitigating concerns of inflated urbanisation. The new CTs account for almost 30% of the urban growth in last decade, with large inter-state variations. They are..

    Method in Madness: Urban Data from 2011 Census

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    A paper by Amitabh Kundu Economic and Political Weekly                2011                     October 01, vol XLVI n°40. The 2011 Census has reported a marginally higher growth in the urban population, yet it also reports a phenomenal increase of 2,774 new “census towns” – greater than the number of such new towns identified in all of the 20th century. Could this be the result of some kind of census activism working under pressure to report a higher pace of urbanisation? Since the Census of..

    Estimates of Workers Commuting from Rural to Urban and Urban to Rural India: A Note

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    This is a IGIDR Working Paper written by S Chandrasekhar that you can download here. Abstract: This paper provides estimates of workers residing in rural (urban) India and commuting to urban (rural) areas for work. The estimates are based on National Sample Survey Organisation’s survey of Employment and Unemployment (2009-10). In 2009-10, a total number of 8.05 million workers not engaged in agriculture commuted from rural to urban areas for work while 4.37 million workers not engaged in agr..

    New ‘census’ towns showcase new India

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    This is a paper written by Cordelia Jenkins and Anuja and published in Mint newspaper. It retraces the changes happening in Soraon, a new census towns in Uttar Pradesh, through interviews of its inhabitants. See the link here

    Rethinking Urban Democracy in South Asia

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    Below you will find the latest publication of the South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal.  South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal 'Rethinking Urban Democracy  in South Asia' accessible in full at :" http://samaj.revues.org/index3176.html" including Introduction : Urban Democracy—A South Asian Perspective by StĂ©phanie Tawa Lama-Rewal and Marie-HĂ©lĂšne ZĂ©rah ‘It Does Not Die’ – Urban Protest in Kolkata, 1987-2007   An interview with Ranabir  Samaddar by V. Ramaswamy Tej City. Prot..
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